9-11. ϼ 󵵰 1 - ϼó  ̻ microbe ڷ

    ڷ 1992 11   Ⱦϼó ( ϼó)
      ϼ 󵵰 (: )  html Դϴ.
 
ȣ 37-E
ȣ 37-F
ȣ 37-G
ȣ 37-H
 
 
    

  뵵 ϼó ϴ ֿ   ϳ  ϼó   
 ߻ϴ  ó ̴.
   ߼    ȸ ̷ϸ鼭   Ȱذ   
ȯ ȣϱ   ʿ    ϰ  ϼó 
 䱸ǰ ִ ̴.
  ҷ  óϴ  ϼó  뷮  óй ȯ
    ټ  ȭ  ʿ  ϼó ó
 ߻ ⹰ ó Ҹ 뵵 ֺ ߰ϴµ  
  ִ.

   4 ϼó  ̻  Ȱ  ó  ó
 ȿ ƴµ ַϿ   ƴ϶ ߻Ǵ  óп  ɰ
  εǾ       ʵȴ.
       ȸ   ̿ü ִ  ֺ 
        Ǵ  ű  ʿ 䱸
ǰ ִ.
   ̷ ϼó    ǻ ̻  ϼ  
 п    䱸ǰ ִ μ    
 κ ϼ   ̻   õ ߿ ͵ Ͽ
.  ϼó   깰  ȯϴ  ǥ 
  ȭ ȿ ̿   ȹ   ȯ ̵  
 ϱ    ȹ εǰ ִ.

     ȹ ,    ׸   ȯ 
  о߿ ȭ ̿  翬 ̷ Դ.
     ϳ  ϼ   ִ   ¿ , ϼ  
 ó ̻ , ׸   ̿ ȯμ   
    ̴.
    ϼó  Ƴ  ó    ̿ȹ 
ȭǾ óе  ִ  ư , Ư ϼ  
ϴµ  ǵ Ͽ.
   ̷  ǹ Ƿ ϼ   ӿ  ִ 
 Ȯϱ ؼ       ȵǾ,  
 ̷  зϰ Ȯϰ  з ܱ  å 
 , ϰ Ϻ Ͽ ܼ  ؼϰ ǹڰ ս 
  ֵ  ̴.

  з  ּ  ִ ̸     ̿Ͽ ϼ 
  ִ ü  ȮϿ  ó  ̿μ 
ȿ     ̴.
   ϼó忡 ϴ ü ¸ ˾ƾ  и  ִ.  
 ü    ΰ     ̹Ƿ ̷ ü 
¿ ڿ       ȯ л   ϴ μ 
ġ  ̰, óü     ϼ 帧  Ư 
ó  νϿ  º óü ִ  ü   
ü ó ϴµ   ̸, ó  ľϴ ǥ Ǿ 
ó ࿡ ⿩  ϴ´. 


   (Introduction) -   Ұ

   ϼó ϼó Ϲ  ̿Ͽ ϼ 
ϴ ϼ ⹰   Ų.
    Ű շ(bacteria),(protozoa) ׸  
ôߵ(higher invertebraes) (species) ⹰ Ƹ԰  ȣ 
ϰ ȴ. ̻ Կ    ⹰ κ ü 
ڿ(biomass) Ϻΰ ȴ. ϵ (predastores)鿡  
ĵǴ  罽  ̵ ְ ȴ.
    ñ ǥ ϼ ϴ ü  λ깰 
  ְ   ܼ   ҽŰ ̴.

  ̻ ü  ũ ް ȭ ϼó , ȭп 
 Ǵ ϼó ȿ ǥ DZ⵵ Ѵ.
Ϲ ϼó迡 ϴ پ Ļ  ټ з(taxonomic 
oroup  Ĺ   ) Ѵ.ϼ ϴ ü ϱ ؼ
  о߿   䱸dz κ  쿡 پ  ǿ
 ϹǷ ϼó о  ü ѵ  븸 ٷ 
ִ. (: , , Ƹ޹ )
    迡  ü м   Ͽ ϼ 
ü зϴ  ȳ̴. 

    ù °  ϼ Ǵ ϼ λ깰 ߰ߵǴ ü зȮ
ϴ  ϴ ̴.
    Ĺ, (Ƹ޹, , ,  ), پ
   (, ,  , ),  (nematode), 
(rotifers), (gastrotrichs), ȯ(annelids), Ϻ(tardigrade), 
䰢 (copepod),  (cladocerans), (mite), ׸   
(transmission),  Ǵ (development) ϵǾ ִ.
 ü κ (genus)θ зǾ    ̿ڸ  
(specise)    ǰ 䱸Ǿ  ̴.
      ּ з  ִ ̸   ü
 з  ְ Ǿ ִ.

  ι°  ü зϿ ϴ ù(alternative methods) Ұ
̴.     ߵ    ϼκ ܰ 
ȸ  Ǿ   ϼ÷ ¿    䱸ȴ.
  ī  ġ ϼ     ϱ   
  ǰ ִ    ڼ  å Ұǰ ִ. 
⿡   ϼӸ ƴ϶ û   ӿ ִ ä ü 
ȿ    ̴.    ּ  Ǵ  
dz ٸ    䱸ȴ. 

     ٸ  Ư¡  ̴.κ ˻ǥ(key)  
Ǿ ְ    ÷Ḧ   ϴµ  ִ.  
 Ư¡ ü  ε Ư      ü 
  ǰ Ÿ  ȴ. Ư (nuckei),(flagella), Ű
(kinetodome), ü(cytosome)   غα ϰ      
     ̴.
     ĵ ü ڰ ǽɳ  ÷Ḧ ùٸ Ǵ  
ִ ũ غǾ  ݵ ̰  ִ  Ÿ
  ƴϴ.Ư (specific recovery), (stainig), Ǵ   
 ü Ŀ ȴ. 

  ϼ  Ȯο   ؼ  帶 Ǿ, ׷ ټ 
 ǵǾų  Ǵ  ó ҺиϿ ؼ ߰ϴµ 
 ־ٰ Ѵ.  ƴ ٿ  ϼ  ü ϴ  
 ħ   κ ǵ ͵   ϱ(,
 )  ͵̰ ׻ ϼ ߰ߵǴ  ƴϴ.
         å ϵ  μ ⿡ ϵ 
κ ü ī ϸ  ϼ   ߰ߵǾٰ 
,   Ǹ ü  ϼ뿡 ϴ ü  ǥϹǷ 
     յϰ ̿  ִ. 
 
1 ϼ÷ м 

ϼ÷ ˻翡 Ǵ  ڰ ߰ϰϴ   ǰ˻繰 
¿    ü ĺ  ְ ѱ  ƾ ϸ ڰ 
  ÷Ḧ     ȴ.
  ϼ Ư¡ ȣ⼺ Ǵ ⼺  ȭ Ư ٸ. ⼺ 
   Ͽ (matrix)  (gel)  ̸  ̰ 
· ϱ  ǰ ʿϴ.
  ȭ ȣ(imhoff sludge)   ϸ  ȣϴ.
   (substrate)κ ü иϱ ؼ ȣ 
 ÷Ͽ Ѵ.  忡 Ͱ   Ӹ ƴ϶  ٸ 
 ذ  ִ  Ͽ ٷ ̴.

  ϼ÷ä (Collection of sewage sample)
  ϼó  ϴ ü Ȯ   ˾Ƴ ؼ ó
  ҿ ÷Ḧ üϴ   ʼ̴. ϼ (system) 
Ǵ ü ϰ  ̰͵   ϼ Ĺ(flora)
̳ ټ 쿬 ٸ ȯκ ԵDZ⵵ Ѵ.
      Ǵ ٸ    輳  ϼó
 ԵǸ Ÿ ü   ̴.

  κ  ϼó忡 ϼ  ħ óǸ   ħ
   ׻  ŵȴ.   ħ ϼ Ϲ 
"Ȱ" ̶ Ҹ  ó óȴ.
    ȣ⼺  ̻ Ե ϼ  ⹰ Ͽ  Ų. 
 ȣ⼺ ̻  ϼ     ð üð 
ϸ鼭  ʿ Ұ ޵ȴ.
      ħ ̵Ǿ ħ    ̻ ׻󽽷
 ȯǾ ϼ ϰ Ǿ ó  ٽ ݺȴ.

  Ը ü ü Ȱ ó ߰ߵǸ, Ȱ  
ϴ (species) ϼ Ÿ  ٸų    ׻ ü
 е ش ̰  ̴. () ϼκ 
Ǹ  ⹰   κ ױ  Ǵ ẹ · ߰ߵ 
  ִ.  Ư    ⼺  ȭ(     ) 
(Diatom), Ƹ޹ (Test) ׸  ü  ְ ȴ.
  ټ  (cyst) ó   ߵ  ϳ ݵ
 ̰  ϰ ִٴ  ǹϴ  ƴϴ.

  ó    ü ϰ ,   ټ ó 
(leftovers) ϳ  ϰ ;ϹǷ   ϰ ȴ.
    Ը   ӿ Ѵ.   ϴ ü   
 (system) ԵǴ ϼ Ư ݿȴ.  ӿ ִ ݼӼ ̿
   ϰų ϰ ȴ.
 
2 ϼ ִ   (Parastic stages in sewage)

  ϼ   ó  Ÿ ü    ġ 
 и  .   ȣ⼺  ȭ äϴ ϼó  ⼺ 
ȭ ä ó   ü 簡   ߿  
 ִ.   ֺ(compost)ȭ Ű 3~4ð ȿ µ 60ɿ 
Ͽ   κ ٸ ü ȴ.
     ó Ǵ Ҽҵ   ʴ´.  
 ȭ   ִ    ϼ Ǵ ȣ⼺ ȭ 
ϼ  ϼܷ   ϰ ִ     Ÿ 
ִ.

  ȸ(Ascaris Lumbricoides, A. I. summ, and  Toxocara canis)  ׻ü
 ⼺ ȭ ϰ ϱ    ߽ų  ִ.
    (ova) ϼó  ϴ  ü  ū ü
  ϳ̴.
   ü   Ȱֱ Ư̼   ٸ ü ξ 
 ׷ ´. ׸ 󸶳   ü Ǵ   (species) 
ó   ִ ܾ  .
  ׷  ð  ū ֹ ΰ  ̸ 
 ȭ   Ұ Ͽ Ascaris   ü ȣ
Ѵٴ  ִ.

  Ϲ  ó   ٸ   ȯ濡 Ŵμ 
 ð ų  ִ. ȣ⼺ ȭ  ⼺ ȭ Ǹ  
 ȣ ȯ濡  ǰ ȭ ǰ   ı 
Ұ  ϰ Ͽ  ȴ.
  ȿ  ϼó忡 ϼ ϴ    Ǹ ȿ
  ϼó忡   Ǵ     · 
ȴ.   ϼ   ߺ  ȴٴ  ְ  
. ׷ ϰ ȣ⼺  ⼺ ȭ  ̿Ͽ 濡   
 Ȯϰ   ִ. ټ  ü   Ѵ
 ǰ   ɼ   üμ  ߿伺  ϰ 
 ϰ ִ. 

  ϼ      ȯ濡     ¿
ȴ.   ߽ų  մ   ü     
. Ư  շ, ̷շ, , ū , Ÿ ü 
  ߻ ӹߴٴ  ǹϴ   ƴϸ, 츮 ɻ
 ڻ ° ƴ ӻ   ִ ü̴.
  밳   ü   Ư 䱸ȴ.   
 շ  ׻  Ư     ׵    մ (culture 
media) 䱸ȴ. Ϲ  ̷ ׵ ϱ  ؼ  ȯ
(intracellular environment) ʿϴ.
  ׷ִ  Ascaris  ȸ(helminth parasites)   
      ߺѴ.

  շ, ̷, , ׸ շ   θ ϱ 
     κ ȸ ֳ  Ҽ .
  ϼ ĵ ü ֳ    ü . 
   ȸ  ΰ ,  ȭǾ   (interstine) 
 ذ ü( Ǵ ) ǰ    Ѵ.
  ⵿   輳  Ǿ Դ. 1900   Ŀ 
μ  Ǵ   ҺǴ äҷ  輳   ȯ
  ĸ ´ٴ  νϱ ߴ.

    輳 ϴ ü   ؼҼ ϼó 
 Ƴ  ִ.  ̵   ü [ 4] ̰ ִ.
  ϼ ϰ ó      ü ϰ ȴ. 
  ϼó ڰ Ư ϼó  Ƴ ü 
 ĺ  ִ  ߿ϴ. 
  [ 4] Ǹ   å ٸ 忡    ϼó  
 ȭϴ ´    ߵǴ  ü̴. ȿ  
 ϼó̳ پ  ü dz   ϴ ó
 ϼ⿡ ϴ ü  (species)  ְ ȴ.

    ڰ Ư ϼó    ü  ȯ 
ĵǴ   ϴ  ʿϴ.    (ֱ
  ħ )  ó ϼ ߰ߵ ʴ´.
    ɼ ִ (ova)  ̴.
  κ  決  ϼó   ׷ Ѵ.   Entamoeba  Ǵ 
Giardia      ϼ Ǵ ȣ⼺ ȭ 
񵿾 ߵ  ̴.
    ɼ  ϼó  ȿ ι° ϼ dz
 ü  ¿ȴ. 
   ٿ  ׼(resistant)  ߵǾ ִ. 
  ó  缺   ϴµ ߿ϴ.


  2-1. ڻ    
  (Free-living Helminths and Arth Loped Larvac)

  ϼ Ƽ Ȱϴ   Ǵ  ڹ (  ٸ 
 ʿ) Ѵ.   ̵ ȣ⼺ ȭ    
ߵȴ. ̵ 񺴿ü̹Ƿ ߺǰ õ  ƴϴ.
   ÷ῡ  ڻ      ߰ߵȴ. 
  Ĺ   꼺   ׿ Ͽ  (/
) ¿   ִ.

  1% ȭ ڻ Ǵ Ĺ  決     
 3   ȣ    꼺 ׿  ʴ´.
   ϼ, ,  ϴ   Ǵ  
     ʿ . 

[ 4] ϼ,ȣ⼺ Ǵ ⼺ ȭ ߰ߵ  Ǵ 
 =============================================================
                                   
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 Ascaris Lumbricoides     Ascaris    , 
   (or var. summ)
 Toxocara canis           Ascaris    , 
 Toxascaris leonina       Ascaris    , 
 Trichuris sp.            Whipworms  , , 
 Hymenolepis sp.          Tapeworms  , , 
 Taenia sp.               Tapeworms  , , ġ, 
 Echinoococcus sp.        Hydatid    , , 
 Enterobius vermicularis  Pinworms   
 Entamoeba coli           Amoeba     
 Giardia lamblia          Giardia    , ٸ 
 Coccodia (Eimeria sp.    Coccodia     ټ 
   and Isospora sp.)
---------------------------------------------------------------


  2-2. ߺǿ  缺  
      (Parasites Potentially of Concern to Public Health)

  ȭ(digestion)  ߵ    ħϴ ҹ 
  ְ µ Ǵ Ҹ ȯ溯ȭ   ִ   ִ.
  Ascris, Toxocara, Trichuris, Taenia ׸ Echinococcus(geners)
ϴ ̴. 
    ڵ ȸ,  (roundworms) (ova)  Ҹ ȯ
濡  ū ׷ ִٴ   Ͽ Դ.׷Ƿ ̷    
 ִ ڰ ̺ ׷      شٴ  
Ÿ ̴. 

  ̷   پ Ͽ Ƴ ȸ ϼó  ȿ 
ϴ "ǥ(indicator)" ü Ǿ Դ.
        Ǿ  ȴ.   Ƿʷ ̺ȭ(unembryonated 
ovum)   ִ θ ż ϱ Ұϴ.
        ӹߴٴ ǥô ƴϴ.  쿡
ü 輳    Ư ȸ  ﰢ  ִ  
ƴϴ. ׵ Ⱓ  Ǵ ҿ Ǿ  ǰų  
 ȴ. ̻ Ͽ ̵  3ְ Ⱓ 䱸ȴ.

  ϼ  ׻ ̻ ȯ ƴϸ ȸ ׵ ϼ 
ִ  ׻ ¾ · Ѵ.
  ̳  ȭ     ɼ  
ϴ     ȯ濡 ¿ȴ.
  ȯ濡  ׷ ū (species)   β  ȣǸ ü
 ַκ   ̹  ̰  ϴ.
  Taenia Echinococcus(Species) ̳ Ư   ų 
 ִ ȯ濡    ɼ ִ,

  ϼó ü ų ϼó   ڸ꿡      
  ɰ ߺ    ִ.
       ȣ(alternate host)   Ǵ ô
 ʿ Ѵ.  ٿ     輳   
   ȯ濡 ϰ Ǹ  ӵ   ִ.
  ؼ (species)  ü 決   ִ.  決 
(Taenis solium) Ǵ (Echinococcus granulosus)   ü
 쿬     ϰ μ     ſ   
(Pathogenic) Ѵ.

   ΰ    پ ϼп ߰ߵǾ Դ.  T.saginate
 ϼ   ׿ Ǿٴ  ǥǾ  
  ߺǿ  ִ     .
 Pawlowski Schurtz(1972) ϼ        
  ߱   Ͽ Դ. ׷ پϰ ó Ǵ 
ó  ϼ Ǵ ϼ  ̿ϴ   Ǵ 󵵿 
  ٸ  ñ 䱸ȴ.
 
3 ϼ ϴ  (Protozoa in Sewage)

  1675 Leeuwenhok  ߰        
Ǿ  ⿡ 45,000(species) ϵǾ. 
     ü ϰ  ֱ  з (Classification) 
ȥ  Ĺ зǰų  з з  ִ.
  ⿡         ̴. ׸ ǻ ü
ϰ  ִ   зȴ. ( Euglena sp.)
   (Philum) 5(classes) Ѵ. Mestigo Phora,Sarcodina, 
Sporozoa Ciliata ׸  Suctoria ̴. Mastigophora Ǵ (Flagellates)
 ̿Ͽ ̵Ѵ. 

  Sporozoa   ʴ  ü̴.    κ  
 ̰ų (transmission  stages) ȴ. Ciliata 
 ̵ϸ ̸ ȹϴµ   ̿Ѵ. 
  Ư  (Cilitiates) ϼó ȿ ǥϴ ǥ(Indicator)
μ ߿ϴ. 
  Suctotia(Class) ˼(Suctotial tentacles)  ִ   
ü̴.   ǥ    ϼ ߰ߵǸ ϼó  
߿  Ѵ.

  [ 5] ϸƳ ī   ´뼺  ϼ  
ߵǴ  ϶ǥμ  ⼭ ߰ߵǴ    Entamoeba 
Coli(), Isospora sp.(oocyssts), Eimeria sp. (oocysts)  ׸ Giardia sp.
()̴.  쿡  ĴܰԿ ִ.   Trophozoitea Ȥ
    . 
  [ 5]  κ   ü å ٸ忡  Ǿ ִ. 
      ٷ  忡 Ͽ.

============================================================================
  [ 5] ī ġ   5 ϼó忡 ϼ÷Ḧ 
              Ͽ   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -ü(Genera of organisms)
Ƹ޹(amoeba) - Entamoeba, Cochlipodium sp. Amoeba sp. Acanthamoeba sp.
                  Naegleria sp. Valkampfia sp. Arcella sp. Euglypha sp.
                  Centropyxis sp. Diffugia sp. Corythion sp. Stentor sp. 
                  Vorticella sp. Epistylis sp. Zoothamnium sp. Acinophrys sp.
(Flagellates) - Giardis sp. Giardis lamblia, Bodo sp. Trepomonas sp.
                      Monas sp. Tetrnmiyis sp.
(ciliates) - Trachelophullum sp. Amphileptus sp. Busaridium sp. 
                   Tetrahymena sp. Coipodium sp. Glaucoma sp. Leukophys op.
                Chilodnella sp. Lionotus sp. Euploytes, Aspidisca sp.
                Rhynchomonas sp. Peranema sp.
(Sporozoans) - Eimeria sp. Iosspora sp.
(Suctoria) - Tokophyra sp. Acimeta sp. PodoPhyra sp. Discophyra sp.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
4 ϼ ִ  (Algae in sewage)

  迡  Ҹ  Phytoplanuton   ִ. ׵ ̰
ϸ  Ƹ ̳ ü ܾ  ׷ ŷ ϴ.
   ϼó忡 Ǵ  ִ ھ  Ӱ ³ ¾
ǿ    dzϰ ڶ.
  κ  Ư   ϼó ġ  ظ   
.   ļ ٶ     ϸ Ÿ  뷮
 ߰ų  Ǵ ũ  پڶ.   ū "(blooms)"
 ļ ȭϴµ Ǵ 翩⿡ ޶ ٴ´.

============================================================================
  [ 6]  ī ġ  5 ϼóκ ϼ÷ῡ 
                 (Alage Genera)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIATOMS - Asterionella sp. Fragillaria sp. Tabellaria sp. Synesra sp.
             Cyclotella sp. Stephanodiscus sp. Coscinodiscus sp. Diatoma sp.
             Navicula sp. Nitzchia sp. Surirella sp. Stauroneis sp. 
             Rhoicosphenia sp. Rhizosolenia sp. Melosira sp. Orthosira sp.
COCCOID-SINGLE - Chlorella sp. Chlorococcum sp.
COCCOID-CLUSTER - Endorina sp. Microcystis sp. Palmells sp. Phytoconis sp.
ELONGATE - Closterium sp. Ankistrodesmus sp. Schroederia sp. Scendemus sp.
FLLGELLA - Euglena sp. Lepocinclis sp. Chlamydomonas sp. Cryptomonas sp.
TEST OR LORICA - Trachelomonas sp. Drnobryon sp.
ENCAPSULATED - Oocysystis 
FILAMENTOUS - Ulothrix sp. Microspora sp. Nodularia sp.
PLATES DINOFLAGELLATE - Ceratium sp. Glenodinium sp. Gonyauax sp.
ANASTOMOSING - Coelastrum, Pediastrum sp. Hydrodyction sp.
SPINE-LINK PROJECTIONS - Lagerhemid sp. Mocractinium sp.
                               Scendesmus sp.
MISCELLANEOUS - Cerasterias sp.
COCCOID-SINGLE - Chroococcus sp.
COCCOID-CLUSTERED -Aphanocpas sp. Gkeothece sp. Merismopedia sp.
FILAMENTOUS - Lyngbrya sp. Oscillatoria sp. CLadophora sp. Anabaena sp. 
                   Phormia sp. Microthamnion sp.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

   ϸ    ȭ     ޴´ٰ 
ϰ ִ.  Է (copper)  ϼ  Է ö(iron) 
ϼ  پ  ڶ ̴.
  õ     ǵ ϼó   Ѵ.  
(species)  ó  ϴµ ϴ.

    · ϸ Ĺ(Plant Kingdom)  ּ 8(Phyla) 
   400 (Genera)    20,000 (specis) ϰ
Ʒõ ʴ ڴ    (Genus)    (Specis)
 ϱ⸦ ϴ   ̴.
        ȳ Prescott  "ι ĺ" ̳ 
̰ ϼ  ߿ ʴ  ι  ư ִ.

  ϼм ؼ    ʿϴ.  忡   
 Ưdz, ϼ ߰ߵ (Genera)  ȴ.
  [ 6]  (Genera) Ϻ ũ ϰ ִ.   ǥ 
 (genera) Ǿ   õǾ.
   ܼ ϱ  [ 6]  Ϲ п  зǾ
.   з Ȯ з  з ƴϴ.   ̿ڰ 
ü Ϲ ¸ ϰ   縦    ̿ϵ  
  зǾ.
    ߰   ü  ٸ ȳ Ͽ Ѵ.
   ä   ü Ÿ  ä ְų  
 ǥ Ÿ  ؼ ʵȴ. 
 
5 ϼ ִ ô  (Macroinvertebrates in sewage)

   忡 ϼ  ũ پ  ô    
  ô    ´ ߰ߵ  ͵̴.
   ô   ǥ (genara)     ϱⰡ 
ϱ    зȴ. ⿡ ϼ迡 ߰ߵ  ڻ ô
ߵ   ƴϴ.     ü  並 ϱ 
 Pennak(1953), Ward Whipple(1918), ׸ Eddy Hobson(1961)  
 ʿ䰡 ִ.
  ⿡   Ư        Rototoria, Nematoda, Tradigraga,
Gastrotricha, Annelida, Cladocera, Copepoda, Diptera ׸ Ascarina ǥ
̴. 

============================================================================
  [ 7] ī ġ 5 ϼó忡  
              ڻ ü ü
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 NEMATODES - Rhabditis sp. Croneemoides sp. Other forms(unidentified), Eggs,
                 Larnae
 ROTIFERS - Philodina sp. Keratella sp. Euchlanis sp. Monostyla sp. 
             Notholca sp. Proales sp.
 GASTROTRICHA - Aspidiophorus sp. 
 ANNELIDA - Aeolosoma sp.(Oligochaete)
 TARDIGARDA -Macrobiouts sp.
 COPEPODS - Cyclops sp. Macrocyclops sp.
 CLADPCERA - Polyphemus sp. Moing sp. Daphnia sp. Bosmina sp. 
                Ephippia(dominant stage)
 MITES - Eggs, Oribatids(grass Mites) other forms(unidentified)
 DIPTERA - Eggs, Larvae(unidentified), Unidentified parts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [ 7]   (genera) ǥõǾ ִ. ü  ̳ 
ϼ ϴ  ƴϰ  ǥ  (system) Եȴ.
   ü ϰ ϼ÷ῡ Ÿ   ϵǾ.
  Ϲ κ ü ϳ⳻ ϳ Ư    
ȭϸ   ʴ´.    ü   
 ̹Ƿ ڵ  ü ؼ ڼ  п   
 Ѵ. 
   忡   ߰ߵǰ  ߸ ȮεǴ  շ, , ׸ 
Ĺ ̰ ִ.  
              6 ϼ (Photographs of Sewage Organisms)

              9-12. ϼ 󵵰 2 - ϼó ̻

   1.    2.    3.    4.ڻ    5.ڻ    6.Ÿ

 
9-11. ϼó  ̻(microbe) - ڷ   .             θ޴  ̵  ϼó ڷ   ޴ ̵